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Your Rabbit's Diet: Are They Eating Right? |
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By David Craythorn
 The typical diet for a pet rabbit consists of water, hay, pellets, fresh vegetables, and its own caecal pellets. Fruit and other treats are given only in very limited quantities, as they can cause obesity in a rabbit. Rabbits require a constant water supply as they dehydrate quickly.
Most sources recommend 80 % of the diet needs to be Timothy hay or another grass hay. A lot of vegetables in a rabbit's diet typically leads to diarrhea and other digestive problems.
Pellets
Rabbits are normally fed a pelleted feed obtainable from pet shops, supermarkets, and farm suppliers. Pellets were originally designed for rabbit breeders for the purpose of providing as much food energy and vitamins as inexpensively as possible. This is optimal when the rabbits are being bred for food or for experimentation.
Most sources recommend a minimum of 18% fibre, low protein( 14-15 %), and less than 1% calcium. Depending on the amount of vegetables available, an adult rabbit ought to be given between 20 ml to 40 ml per kilogram body weight daily. Pre-adolescent and adolescent rabbits( 7 months
and younger) can be given as much pelleted diet as they can consume, although additional vegetables are preferable to additional pellets. An older rabbit( over six years) can be given more pellets if they're having difficulty maintaining a steady body weight. Timothy hay - based pellets are great for rabbits that have stopped developing and don't need to gain weight. Alfalfa - based pellets are best only for young, growing rabbits or older rabbits who are under-weight.
Hay
Hay is crucial for the wellbeing of all rabbits. A constant supply of hay will help prevent gastrointestinal stasis and other digestive tract problems in rabbits. Additionally, it provides a number of necessary vitamins and minerals at a low food energy cost. Rabbits enjoy chewing on hay, and always having hay available for the rabbit may reduce its tendency to chew on other items. Timothy hay and other grass hays are considered the healthiest to provide the rabbit. As a persistently high blood calcium level can prove harmful to the rabbit, hays like alfalfa and clover hay ought to be avoided. Alfalfa can also be relatively high in food energy, and a constant diet of it can cause obesity in rabbits.
Treats
Treats are unhealthy in large quantities for rabbits, just as they are for people. Most treats sold in pet stores are filled with sugar and high food energy carbohydrates. If an owner is determined to feed the rabbit treats, the best treat to provide it with is fruit.
Acceptable fruits( seeds and pits MUST be removed): Banana, Mango, Pineapple, Peach, Apple, Kiwi, Berries, Orange and other citrus fruits.
Pineapple, mango, and papaya all contain a natural enzyme which is thought to reduce hairballs.
Fruits or other treats must be offered in moderation, as rabbits easily become obese and experience health issues. Their diet should consist of no more than half a tablespoon of fruits or treats per day.
However, fresh fruits should not be given to rabbits under the age of 4 months because their digestive systems are not always developed enough to handle the fruit. It can cause enteritis that causes death within 48 hours.
Although a common myth that rabbits ought to be given lettuce, this isn't a good idea because it contains little to no dietary value for the rabbit and again can cause enteritis which leads to a quick death.
Caecal pellets
Don't be alarmed if you see your rabbit eat a little of his feces. These are called cecal pellets, and are a vital part of his diet. Caecal pellets are soft, smelly, clumpy feces, and are a rabbit's only supply of Vitamin B12. Due to the design of the rabbit's digestive system, they cannot extract some vitamins and minerals directly from their food. At the end of their digestive system is an area called the caecum where cellulose and other plant fibers are broken down and ferment. After they have been broken down and passed, a rabbit's digestive system can finally extract the vitamins from them.
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